一、什么是內窺鏡？—— 醫學偵探的「電子眼睛」

1、 What is an endoscope—— Medical Detective's' Electronic Eye '

內窺鏡是現代醫學的「透視之眼」，它像一根會「拐彎」的細長軟管（直徑僅 3-15mm），前端集成了微型攝像頭（分辨率達 1080P）和冷光源（LED 照度超 10 萬 lux），能深入人體自然腔道或微小創口，將器官黏膜的實時圖像以高清畫質傳輸到顯示屏上。

Endoscope is the "eye of perspective" in modern medicine. It is like a slender hose that can "bend" (with a diameter of only 3-15mm), and the front end integrates a miniature camera (with a resolution of 1080P) and a cold light source (LED illumination exceeding 100000 lux). It can penetrate the natural cavity or small incision of the human body and transmit real-time images of organ mucosa to the display screen in high-definition quality.

核心構造：

Core structure:

成像系統：0.5mm 直徑的 CMOS 攝像頭，可捕捉 0.1mm 大小的細微病變

Imaging system: A 0.5mm diameter CMOS camera that can capture tiny lesions up to 0.1mm in size

照明系統：采用氙氣或 LED 冷光源，避免傳統光源的熱損傷風險

Lighting system: using xenon or LED cold light sources to avoid the risk of thermal damage from traditional light sources

操控系統：手柄可實現 ±180° 彎曲轉向，精準抵達胃角、結腸皺襞等「視覺盲區」

Control system: The handle can achieve ± 180 ° bending and turning, accurately reaching "visual blind spots" such as the gastric angle and colon folds

醫生視角實例：

Example from a Doctor's Perspective:

當胃鏡經口腔進入胃腔，醫生通過操作桿調整鏡頭角度，胃黏膜的每一處細節 —— 光滑的柱狀上皮、充血的炎性病灶、可疑的菜花狀凸起 —— 都清晰顯示在屏幕上，如同用「放大鏡」觀察體內世界。

When the gastroscope enters the stomach cavity through the mouth, the doctor adjusts the lens angle through the operating rod, and every detail of the gastric mucosa - smooth columnar epithelium, congested inflammatory lesions, suspicious cauliflower like protrusions - is clearly displayed on the screen, like observing the world inside the body with a "magnifying glass".

二、為什么選擇內窺鏡？—— 突破傳統檢查的「可視化革命」

2、 Why choose an endoscope—— The 'visualization revolution' that breaks through traditional inspections

1. 打破「間接診斷」的局限

1. Break the limitations of 'indirect diagnosis'

X 光如同拍攝黑白剪影，CT/MRI 是斷層掃描拼圖，而內窺鏡實現了 **「第一視角直播」**：

X-rays are like capturing black and white silhouettes, CT/MRI is a tomographic puzzle, and endoscopes achieve * * "first person live streaming" * *:

胃潰瘍：可直接觀察潰瘍面的血管暴露程度（判斷出血風險）

Gastric ulcer: The degree of vascular exposure on the ulcer surface can be directly observed to determine the risk of bleeding

腸息肉：能分辨絨毛狀腺瘤（癌前病變）與增生性息肉的表面形態差異

Intestinal polyps: able to distinguish the surface morphology differences between villous adenomas (precancerous lesions) and proliferative polyps

2. 「診斷 + 治療」一站式完成

2. One stop shop for diagnosis and treatment

通過直徑 2-3mm 的「工具通道」，內窺鏡可化身「微型手術室」：

Through a 2-3mm diameter 'tool channel', the endoscope can transform into a 'micro operating room':

活檢取樣：0.2mm 精度的活檢鉗能精準鉗取可疑組織（如胃竇部的萎縮黏膜）

Biopsy sampling: A 0.2mm precision biopsy forceps can accurately clamp suspicious tissues (such as atrophic mucosa in the gastric antrum)

即時治療：

Immediate treatment:

高頻電刀切除腸息肉（直徑＜2cm）

High frequency electric knife resection of intestinal polyps (diameter<2cm)

氬離子凝固術（APC）治療消化道出血

Argon plasma coagulation (APC) for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding

支架植入術開通狹窄的支氣管

Stent implantation surgery to open narrow bronchi

三、工作原理：三招解鎖體內「高清地圖」

3、 Working principle: Three moves to unlock the "high-definition map" inside the body

1. 照亮黑暗：毫米級光影魔術

1. Illuminate Darkness: Millimeter level Light and Shadow Magic

前端冷光源以120° 廣角照射，配合「氙氣燈 + 導光纖維」組合，即使是深達 50cm 的結腸皺襞也能清晰照亮。新型「藍光成像（BLI）」技術，可增強黏膜血管的對比度，讓早期癌變的異常血管網絡無所遁形。

The front cold light source illuminates with a 120 ° wide-angle angle, combined with a "xenon lamp+light guiding fiber" combination, which can clearly illuminate even colon folds up to 50cm deep. The new "Blue Light Imaging (BLI)" technology can enhance the contrast of mucosal blood vessels, revealing abnormal vascular networks in early stages of cancer.

2. 靈活游走：九曲回廊中的精準操控

2. Flexible wandering: precise control in the Nine Curve Corridor

采用「蛇形仿生設計」，鏡身可實現360° 旋轉 + 四向彎曲（上彎 210°/ 下彎 90°/ 左右各 100°）。在胃鏡檢查中，醫生通過「J 型反轉」動作，能觀察到胃底賁門的「死角區域」，這是傳統檢查無法抵達的部位。

Adopting a "snake like biomimetic design", the mirror body can achieve 360 ° rotation and four-way bending (up bend 210 °/down bend 90 °/left and right bend 100 ° each). In gastroscopy, doctors can observe the "blind spot area" of the gastric fundus and cardia through the "J-shaped reversal" movement, which is an area that traditional examinations cannot reach.

3. 工具賦能：從「觀察者」到「操作者」

3. Tool Empowerment: From "Observer" to "Operator"

直徑 3mm 的通道內，可同時容納：

Within a 3mm diameter channel, it can simultaneously accommodate:

診斷工具：窄帶成像（NBI）探頭（放大倍數達 80 倍）

Diagnostic tool: Narrowband Imaging (NBI) probe (with a magnification of up to 80 times)

治療器械：

Therapeutic equipment:

圈套器（切除直徑 3cm 以內的胃腸息肉）

Trap (for removing gastrointestinal polyps with a diameter of less than 3cm)

止血夾（閉合 0.5cm 以內的消化道穿孔）

Hemostatic clip (for closure of gastrointestinal perforation within 0.5cm)

超聲探頭（判斷腫瘤浸潤深度，準確率達 90%）

Ultrasound probe (to determine the depth of tumor infiltration with an accuracy rate of 90%)

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